Explain the formation of a chemical bond.
Answer
A chemical bond is defined as an attractive force that holds the
constituents (atoms, ions etc.) together in a chemical species. Various
theories have been
suggested for the formation of chemical bonds such as the electronic
theory, valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, valence bond
theory, and
molecular orbital theory. A chemical bond formation is attributed to
the tendency of a system to attain stability. It was observed that the
inertness of
noble gases was because of their fully filled outermost orbitals.
Hence, it was postulated that the elements having incomplete outermost
shells are
unstable (reactive). Atoms, therefore, combine with each other and
complete their respective octets or duplets to attain the stable
configuration of the
nearest noble gases. This combination can occur either by sharing of
electrons or by transferring one or more electrons from one atom to
another. The
chemical bond formed as a result of sharing of electrons between
atoms is called a covalent bond. An ionic bond is formed as a result of
the transference
of electrons from one atom to another.
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